FWIW, I just got myself a mk6 Golf R that had a timing belt roller fail (original - ack!) at 145k miles turning everything inside the head (valves, rockers, guides and cams) to scrap. These engines (CRZA code, EA113 architecture, MED9.1 engine management) are much different than the engine in the Tiguan (CCTA code, EA888 architecture, MED 17.1 engine management). Virtually the entire engine and fuel injection system was updated, with the engines sharing only the bore spacing, bore and stroke. While they look similar, only a few parts are interchangeable, like valves. Unfortunately for me, the expensive Mahle Motorsports pistons and rods that I bought for a EA888 engine won't work in my Golf R, but the Ferrea valves and stiffer springs will. I have gone through eight EA888s, and two EA113s, so I have had both down to bare blocks. The EA888 looks like it should be superior to the EA113 in almost every way, but while some updates were definite improvements, others didn't quite work, like the chain and oiling systems.
One component that you can use from the higher output Golf R/TTS engine with some modification is the K04 turbo. Other than the higher flow capability of the 3K Warner K04-064 turbo, they also don't seem to suffer from the wear of the waste gate flap linkage as on the IHI RF5 turbos used on our Tiguans. That means the K04s (and other 3K Warner turbos for that matter) last a lot longer. The original turbo on my Golf R has no appreciable wear with eight years and 145k miles running APR stage 2+ software its whole life.
So, if you want a replacement turbo that will last, I personally would go with a 3K Warner stock replacement K03 or a modified K04-064. There are basically two modifications that need to be done to put a K04-064 on a Tiguan CCTA engine. First, the K04-064 does not have an integral diverter valve, so you either use a remote mounted diverter valve like on the Golf R or TTS or buy a turbo that has been modified to add the integral diverter valve, like the ones sold by APR. The other modification is to remove the "turbo muffler" as it interferes with the block on the EA888 engine. APR machines the cold side housing to remove the muffler and adds a machined adapter that bolts on and uses a silicone hose to adapt it to the charge pipes. I have one of these turbos, and it is virtually a bolt-on.
The cheap way to go with a K04 is to get one of the Chinese K04-064 turbos ($400), get a diverter valve relocation kit, cut the turbo muffler off and weld on an section of appropriately sized aluminum tube with bead rolled on and a silicone adapter to the rest of the charge piping. While I can't comment on quality, I have seen it done on a mk6 GTI (same engine as the Tiguans) and it seemed to work well with over 350hp at the wheels. Rumor has it that this is what one of the big tuners (not APR) is selling as their modified turbos. YMMV...
The big issue right now is the availability of turbos. Apparently 3K Warner has backordered the K04-064s right now. I wanted to get a modified turbo from TTE or LOBA Motorsports in Germany, but neither can get turbos right now.